Global Regulatory Tracker

Comprehensive federal framework establishing licensing, reserve, and consumer protection requirements for stablecoin issuers in the United States.

SEC guidance on when digital assets qualify as securities and the registration requirements that apply.

CFTC regulatory framework for cryptocurrency derivatives, futures, and commodity trading.

Ontario Securities Commission framework requiring registration and compliance for crypto trading platforms.

Comprehensive EU regulation creating a harmonized framework for crypto-assets, establishing licensing, consumer protection, and market integrity rules.

EU implementation of FATF Travel Rule requiring originator and beneficiary information for crypto-asset transfers.

UK Financial Conduct Authority regulatory framework for cryptoasset businesses including registration and promotion rules.

Swiss regulatory framework providing guidance on token classification and regulatory requirements for blockchain companies.

Monetary Authority of Singapore framework for single-currency stablecoins pegged to Singapore Dollar or G10 currencies.

Hong Kong SFC licensing regime allowing licensed exchanges to serve retail investors with appropriate safeguards.

Japanese regulatory framework for crypto exchanges and stablecoin issuers under the Payment Services Act.

South Korea framework requiring VASP registration and establishing investor protection measures.

Proposed Australian framework requiring financial services licensing for crypto asset platforms.

Dubai comprehensive regulatory framework for virtual assets through the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority.

Abu Dhabi Global Market regulatory framework for crypto asset businesses in the ADGM financial free zone.

Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority guidelines on virtual assets, currently restrictive but under review.

Central Bank of Bahrain regulatory module for crypto-asset services including licensing and compliance requirements.

Brazilian Central Bank framework establishing licensing and operational requirements for virtual asset service providers.

Mexican Fintech Law provisions regulating financial technology institutions including crypto asset operations.

El Salvador law establishing Bitcoin as legal tender alongside the US Dollar.

Argentine National Securities Commission registration requirements for virtual asset service providers.

Nigerian Securities and Exchange Commission framework for digital asset offerings and virtual asset service providers.

South African declaration classifying crypto assets as financial products requiring FSCA authorization.

Kenya Capital Markets Authority draft regulations for cryptocurrency exchanges and service providers.

FATF standard requiring VASPs to share originator and beneficiary information for virtual asset transfers.

OECD framework for automatic exchange of tax-relevant information on crypto-asset transactions between jurisdictions.

Basel Committee prudential standard setting capital requirements for banks with crypto-asset exposures.

IOSCO recommendations for consistent regulation of crypto and digital asset markets globally.

US market structure law splitting jurisdiction between SEC and CFTC, defining digital commodities, and creating a federal disclosure regime for token issuers and intermediaries.

EU regulation enabling trading and settlement of tokenized securities on distributed ledger infrastructures under a supervised pilot extended through 2026.

Hong Kong licensing regime for issuers of fiat-referenced stablecoins, in force since August 2025, with HKMA as the lead supervisor.

UK final rules for fiat-backed stablecoins and crypto custody under FSMA, building on the 2024 HM Treasury framework.

Banco Central do Brasil framework governing the Drex wholesale CBDC and tokenized deposit ecosystem, moving from pilot to live operations during 2025-2026.

The general purpose AI chapter of the EU AI Act, in force since August 2025, with the high-risk classification obligations phasing in through August 2026.

Conformity, oversight and registration duties for AI used in credit scoring, insurance pricing, employment and essential services. The largest compliance cliff on the 2026-2027 calendar.

Disclosure expectations covering how registrants describe AI capability, dependency and risk. Enforcement to date has focused on overstated AI claims rather than model behaviour itself.

A widening state-level patchwork imposing impact assessment and anti-discrimination duties on consequential AI decisions, with no federal preemption in force.

The UK route: no single AI statute, with the FCA, PRA, ICO and Ofcom applying cross-cutting principles inside their existing perimeters.

The CAC filing regime governing public-facing generative AI in China, now extended by mandatory synthetic-content labelling rules.

A coordinated network of national AI safety institutes running pre-deployment evaluations on frontier models. Voluntary, but increasingly referenced by binding national rules.

The sandbox permitting tokenized securities trading and settlement inside EU market infrastructure, now in its review phase with pressure to lift the issuance caps.

The framework that made tokenized money market and Treasury funds viable at scale in the US by clarifying which ledger is legally authoritative.

A five-year sandbox letting firms issue, trade and settle digital securities under modified UK rules, with limits that scale as activity proves out.

MAS-led industry frameworks that moved tokenized fixed income and funds from pilot into commercial issuance across Asian distribution channels.

The most settled tokenization statute in force anywhere: ledger-based securities have direct legal recognition and insolvency segregation under Swiss law.

Japan classifies most tokenized real assets as securities under FIEA, which has produced a slow but institutionally credible real-estate token market.

Abu Dhabi rules governing tokenized real estate, commodities and private credit, aimed at attracting issuance away from offshore structures.

The standard-setting view on what qualifies as a safe settlement asset on shared ledgers, shaping how tokenized deposits are supervised nationally.

The most consequential open question in US housing finance: how Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac exit conservatorship and what happens to mortgage spreads when they do.

Revised servicing rules that shorten the path to a workout for distressed borrowers and restrict dual tracking during review.

The pending overhaul of EU mortgage rules, notable for folding energy performance and running costs into affordability assessment.

Canada supervises housing risk at the portfolio level rather than the loan level, with loan-to-income limits binding on lender concentration.

The FCA reworking of UK mortgage conduct rules, loosening advice friction on switching while retaining affordability discipline at origination.

Australia uses adjustable serviceability buffers and debt-to-income caps as the primary lever on housing credit growth.

Supervisory attention has shifted to non-bank originators and servicers, which now dominate origination in several major markets without bank-equivalent liquidity backstops.